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To see the immunisations for the country you are in please click on the first letter of that country.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V-Z

Afghanistan

MALARIA – vivax – May-Nov below 2000m.

P. Falciparum in the South

Albania

Algeria

Only two small areas of MALARIA risk, in Arib and Ihrir, which are not usually visited.

Angola

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Insect-borne diseases are rife, including Yellow fever, Filariasis, leishmaniasis in the drier areas, ‘sleeping sickness’ (human trypanosomiasis), typhus (louse, flea and tick-borne), plague, myiasis, dengue, lassa fever.

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year – falciparum with resistant strains.

Anguilla

Antigua & Barbuda

Dengue Fever and some dengue haemorrhagic fever

Argentina

MALARIA – almost all vivax – October to May in certain rural areas below 3300 feet and rarely visited by travellers

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease) and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northeast. Some cholera and widespread rabies

Gastro-enteritis, especially Salmonella, is relatively common. Intestinal parasites.

Armenia

MALARIA – some areas of risk

Aruba

Australia

Beware mosquito bites in tropical areas. Number of venomous spiders and snakes

Corals and Jelly Fish in the sea

Austria

Some Tick-borne encephalitis risk in the forested areas

Azerbaijan

MALARIA – vivax only – southern border areas

Azores

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Bahamas

Bahrain

Bali

MALARIA – limited risk and no prophylaxis recommended

Bangladesh

MALARIA – All year in all areas except Dhaka city. The risk is fairly low except along the northern and eastern areas and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts – falciparum with multiple resistance.

Filariasis, sandfly fever, visceral leishmaniasis, dengue, Japanese encephalitis.

Polio, TB and meningitis

Barbados

Belarus

Belize

MALARIA – mostly Vivax all year except in Belize district and Urban areas.

Visceral Leishmaniasis.

Benin

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year, falciparum with resistance reported

Meningitis if back-packing, for longer stays or staying with locals

Bermuda

Bhutan

MALARIA – all year in the southern belt – multiply resistant falciparum.

Polio, meningitis (high risk) and TB. Some Japanese encephalitis

Bolivia

YELLOW FEVER – recommended as endemic in much of the country

MALARIA – mostly vivax, but falciparum in northern departments bordering Brazil.

Leishmaniasis and Dengue fever reported

Bosnia

Bosnia - Banja Luka

Botswana

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – mostly falciparum – November to May/June in the north – some resistance reported

Brazil

YELLOW FEVER – recommended as endemic in parts of the country

MALARIA – risk all year in rural areas of Amazon Basin below 3000 feet, especially in areas of mining. Highly resistant falciparum strains present

Brunei Darussalam

MALARIA – only slight risk in border areas, so no routine prophylaxis

TB but no polio risk

Rabies snake bites and leeches

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year – falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if longer visits, back packing or staying with locals

Burma (Myanmar)

MALARIA – mostly falciparum with variable seasons in the country

Polio and TB as well as plague risk.

Rabies snake bites and leeches

Dengue and filariasis

Japanese encephalitis May to October

Burundi

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year – falciparum with some resistance

Meningitis if back-packing, for longer stays or staying with locals

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Cambodia

MALARIA – all year all areas except Phnom Penh – mainly falciparum which may be multiply resistant.

.Dengue fever, polio and TB endemic

Japanese encephalitis

Cameroon

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – very high risk all year in all areas – mostly falciparum with some multiply resistant

Canada

Cape Verde

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – low risk so no prophylaxis recommended

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year – falciparum with some resistance reported

Meningitis in the north if staying longer, back-packing or staying with locals

Chad

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year – falciparum with resistance

Meningitis for the south if back-packing, longer stay or staying with locals

Chile

China

MALARIA – throughout the country below 4500 feet except Macao, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Monggol, Gansu, Beijing, Shanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai – time of year variable, and mostly vivax with some chloroquine resistance reported. For main tourist areas no prophylaxis is recommended, but for travel to rural areas likely to be necessary.

Visceral leishmaniasis with cutaneous form in Xinjiang.

Some plague, dengue and rabies

Japanese encephalitis in the North (May to September) and the south (April to October)

Polio and TB

Schistosomiasis in the Yangtze river basin. Rabies snake bites and leeches risk

Colombia

YELLOW FEVER – recommended as endemic in much of the country outside the capital

MALARIA – all year risk in rural areas below 2500 feet – Falciparum highly resistant to chloroquine and some resistant to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine

Leishmaniasis, Myiasis and Dengue fever

Comoros

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Insect-borne diseases, including Filariasis, typhus (louse, flea and tick-borne), myiasis, dengue, Meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA –all areas all year – mostly falciparum with resistance reported

Congo

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance reported

Cook Islands

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

Costa Rica

MALARIA – almost only vivax – all year in rural areas below 2000 feet – Alajuela, Guanacaste, Limon, Puantarenas

C�te d’Ivoire

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Croatia

Some Tick-borne encephalitis risk in the forested areas

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Some Tick-borne encephalitis risk in the forested areas

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Denmark

Djibouti

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Insect-borne diseases are rife, including Yellow fever, Filariasis, leishmaniasis in the drier areas, typhus (louse, flea and tick-borne), myiasis, dengue, lassa fever.

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all year all areas – falciparum mainly with resistance reported

Meningitis if backpacking, longer visits or staying with locals

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Dengue Fever and some dengue haemorrhagic fever

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Schistosomiasis.

Malaria – low risk throughout the year, but it is the more severe falciparum type and so prophylaxis is recommended

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Ecuador

YELLOW FEVER – recommended as endemic in much of the country

MALARIA – mostly vivax, but some chloroquine resistant falciparum reported

Diphtheria rising

Onchoceriasis , Myiasis and Dengue fever

Egypt

MALARIA – in June to October in the area of El Faiyum.

Meningitis recommended if staying some time, backpacking or staying with locals.

Schistosomiasis in the Nile delta and Nile valley

El Salvador

MALARIA – almost only vivax – all year in rural areas, but greater below 2000 feet in Rainy season

Visceral leishmaniasis

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – all areas all year – falciparum mainly with resistance reported

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas below 6000 feet all year – mostly falciparum.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Estonia

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas below 6000 feet all year – mostly falciparum with some highly resistant.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

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Fiji

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

French Guiana

MALARIA – all year risk – some chloroquine resistance reported

Myiasis and Dengue fever

French Polynesia

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

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Gabon

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Gambia

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Insect-borne diseases are rife, including Yellow fever, Filariasis, leishmaniasis in the drier areas, typhus (louse, flea and tick-borne), myiasis, dengue, lassa fever.

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Georgia

Ghana

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Gibralta

Greece

Hepatitis A recommended for those on backpacking holidays where there may be some doubts about food hygiene

Grenada

Guadeloupe

Schistosomiasis

Guam

Guatemala

MALARIA – almost only vivax – all year in rural areas below 5000 feet – Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Peten, Quiche, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola.

Onchoceriasis (river blindness) and Visceral Leishmaniasis

Guinea

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Guinea Bissau

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Guyana

YELLOW FEVER – recommended as endemic in much of the country

MALARIA – all year in interior of the country – Falciparum resistance reported

Onchoceriasis , Myiasis and Dengue fever

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Haiti

MALARIA – only falciparum – all year below 1000 feet in rural and suburban areas

Some Dengue fever, also Bancroftian filariasis

Holland (Netherlands)

Honduras

MALARIA – almost only vivax – all year – Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Cortes, Gracias a Dios, Islas de la Bahia, Olancho, Valle, Yoro

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Hong Kong

No malaria risk

Hungary

I top

India

MALARIA – risk all year in all areas except mountainous areas of Himachal, Pradesh, Jammu and Kashir and Sikkim) – mostly vivax, but some falciparum emerging.

Meningitis in the Delhi area November to May unless only brief stay in Five Star accommodation. Japanese encephalitis in certain areas, seasonally, Filariasis, sandfly fever, visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, dengue and haemorrhagic dengue fever. Plague reported within last 6 years. Polio and TB.

Indonesia

MALARIA – throughout the year except in Jakarta city and central Irian Jaya – reduced risk in Bali and Java resort areas

Japanese encephalitis all year with peak risk November to March

Dengue and filariasis – polio and TB

Iran

MALARIA – some risk in all country March - November

Iraq

MALARIA – exclusively vivax – May – November in some northern areas

Visceral Leishmaniasis, Schistosomiasis

Israel

Ivory Coast (C�te d’Ivoire)

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

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Jamaica

Japan

Despite the name, Japanese encephalitis is rare and confined to the rural areas.

Jordan

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Kazakhstan

Kenya

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year, very high especially on coast – mostly falciparum with some multiple resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Kiribati

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

Korea Dem (North)

Japanese encephalitis is rare

No polio risk

Korea Rep (South)

Japanese encephalitis is rare

No polio risk

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

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Laos

MALARIA risk throughout the country except Vientiane – mostly falciparum with highly resistant strains reported.

Japanese encephalitis and dengue

Polio and TB

Latvia

Risk of Tick-borne encephalitis in the Forested areas

Lebanon

Lesotho

No malaria prophylaxis required

Liberia

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year, very high risk– mostly falciparum with some multiple resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Libya

MALARIA risk is slight so no prophylaxis recommended.

Lithuania

Risk of Tick-borne encephalitis in the Forested areas.

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Macao

Macedonia

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year especially on coast– mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Majorca

Malawi

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – Very high risk all areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Malaysia

MALARIA – small areas in rural areas and Sabah, where risk all year – falciparum.

Japanese encephalitis all year and dengue.

Polio(low risk) and TB – filariasis in rural areas

Maldives

No malaria risk. Polio, cholera and helminth infections

Mali

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Insect-borne diseases are rife, including Yellow fever (endemic south of 15^oN), Filariasis, leishmaniasis in the drier areas, ‘sleeping sickness’ (human trypanosomiasis), typhus (louse, flea and tick-borne), myiasis, dengue, lassa fever.

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Malta

Yellow Fever – infants under 9 months, and not immunised, may be subject to isolation or surveillance if coming from an infected area.

Marshall Islands

Martinique

Schistosomiasis present

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Insect-borne diseases are rife, including Yellow fever, Filariasis, leishmaniasis in the drier areas, typhus (louse, flea and tick-borne), myiasis, dengue, lassa fever.

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – most areas all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance. No risk in Dakhlet-Nouadhibou and Tiris-Zemour in the north, and only in the rainy season in Adrar and Inchiri

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas all year – only vivax in certain rural areas, but not on Rodrigues Island

Mayotte

MALARIA – resistant falciparum risk all areas all year.

Mexico

MALARIA – almost all vivax – all year in areas not usually visited by tourists – Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guerrero, Campeche, Quinta Roo, Sinaloa, Minchoacan, Nayarit, Colima, Tabasco

Onchoceriasis (river blindness) in the South.

Visceral Leishmaniasis – some Dengue fever

Micronesia

Minorca

Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia

Meningitis risk

Montserrat

Morocco

MALARIA – mainly vivax – May to October in rural areas – only slight risk, so generally prophylaxis is not recommended. TB is endemic

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some multiple resistance reported.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Myanmar (Burma)

MALARIA – mostly falciparum with variable seasons in the country

Polio and TB as well as plague risk.

Rabies snake bites and leeches

Dengue and filariasis

Japanese encephalitis May to October

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Namibia

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA –Along Kavango River, all year, and in the north from November to June – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Nauru

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

Nepal

Malaria – mostly vivax, but some chloroquine resistant falciparum – most of the year in the southern border areas including the Chitwan National Park

Meningitis is recommended for all but short stays. Japanese encephalitis in the summer and autumn months in the lowlands.

Visceral leishmaniasis, polio and trachoma present

Netherlands Antilles

New Caledonia

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

New Zealand

Corals and Jelly Fish in the sea

Nicaragua

MALARIA – mainly vivax – all rural areas plus outskirts of some towns

Some Dengue fever

Niger

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA –Very high risk - All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Niue

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

North Korea

Norway

O top

Oman

MALARIA – mostly falciparum – all year in all areas

P top

Pakistan

MALARIA – all areas below 6000 feet, mostly vivax but some chloroquine resistant falciparum seen

Meningitis for all back-packers, longer stays and spending time with locals

Japanese encephalitis in the central area and outside Karachi.

Visceral leishmaniasis in Baltistan, cutaneous leishmaniasis

Dengue, TB, Polio and Trachoma

Palau

Panama

Yellow Fever endemic and vaccination recommended for travellers to Province of Darien

MALARIA – mostly vivax, but some chloroquine resistant Falciparum reported East of the Canal – all year in rural areas especially around the Boyana and Gatun lakes

Papua New Guinea

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

Polio theoretical risk – some risk of TB

MALARIA – all year below 2500 feet – multiply resistant falciparum.

Paraguay

MALARIA – mostly vivax – October to May in some rural areas.

Peru

Yellow fever if visiting rural and Amazonian areas.

MALARIA – almost all vivax – some sporadic falciparum which may be resistant

Philippines

MALARIA – no risk in Bohol, Catanduanes, Cebu and Leyte – other areas above 2000 feet or in the urban areas. Other areas some resistant falciparum.

Dengue, Japanese encephalitis (mostly April to January), Filariasis

Poland

Portugal

Yellow Fever certificate required over age of 1 year if coming from an infected area and landing in, or going to, the Azores and Madeira.

Puerto Rica

Schistosomiasis present

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Qatar

R top

R�union

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – no risk

Romania

Russian Federation

Diphtheria is a real risk in the Russian Federation.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some multiple resistance reported.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

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St Helena

St Kitts and Nevis

St Lucia

Schistosomiasis present

St Pierre and Miquelon

St Vincent and Grenadines

Samoa (USA)

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

Samoa (Western)

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

Sao Tom� and Principe

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Saudi Arabia

For travellers to the annual Haj a certificate confirming Meningitis immunisation is mandatory. Note regulations on carrying food stuff – only small quantities for the use of road travellers is allowed in easy to inspect containers.

MALARIA – predominantly Falciparum – all year in certain areas.

Schistosomiasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Southwest

Senegal

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Serbia

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – no risk

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – Very high risk - All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Singapore

No malaria risk – possibly some Dengue, no polio risk

Slovakia

Slovenia

Solomon Islands

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

MALARIA – some southern and eastern areas – chloroquine resistant falciparum.

Somalia

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Insect-borne diseases are rife, including Yellow fever, Filariasis, leishmaniasis in the drier areas, typhus (louse, flea and tick-borne), myiasis, dengue, lassa fever some plague.

Polio (reducing risk), meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – throughout the year in low altitude areas of northern and eastern Transvaal and eastern Natal down to the Tugela River – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

South Korea

Sri Lanka

MALARIA – mostly vivax, but some highly resistant falciparum found – all year in all areas except Colombo, Kalutara and Nuwara Eliya.

Cholera, dysentery, helminth infections

Filariasis in the Southwestern coastal area.

Dengue, including haemorrhagic form

Japanese encephalitis in lowland areas from October to January

Sudan

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Suriname

YELLOW FEVER – recommended

MALARIA – widespread risk all year excluding Paramribo and North – Mostly resistant falciparum

Onchoceriasis , Myiasis and Dengue fever

Swaziland

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All low ‘veld’ (in the east) areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some high resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

MALARIA – only vivax – May to October – limited northern border areas

Schistosomiasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Northwest

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Taiwan

No malaria risk.

Low risk of Japanese encephalitis in rural areas April to October. Some dengue

Tajikistan

MALARIA – low risk in southern border areas – vivax.

Tanzania

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – Very high risk all areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some multiple resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Thailand

MALARIA – tourist areas of Bangkok, Chiangmai, Pattaya and Phuket and main cities are risk free, but other areas may carry risk all year. Day and evening trips to forested areas are risky, and any prolonged trips into the rural areas or borders carry significant risk – Multiple resistant falciparum.

Japanese encephalitis from May to October, dengue, filariasis, polio and TB all present.

Togo

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Tonga

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

MALARIA – there is a potential risk – vivax – March to November in the plains around Adna, Antalya and Anatolia

Visceral leishmaniasis

Turkey

MALARIA – risk to east of Antalya, on the east coast and in the plains around Adana and SE Anatolia - March to November

Turkmenistan

Turks and Caicos Islands

Tuvalu

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Uganda

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas (including the main townships), all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Ukraine

Diphtheria is a real risk in the Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

MALARIA – only a problem in the foothill regions and valleys of the northern Emirates

Uruguay

USA

Rabies occurs occasionally in the USA as do some rather rare diseases such as Rocky Mountain Fever and Tularaemia – Lyme disease is found in the North East and Midwest – These all come from insect bites so campers especially should use precautions against insect bites.

Uzbekistan

MALARIA – vivax mostly – southern border areas.

Diphtheria is a real risk in Uzbekistan

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Vanuatu

Pacific Islands: Diarrhoeal illnesses including typhoid, hepatitis A and helminth infections. Filariasis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are widespread but variable.

TB in places throughout islands.

Sea bathers risk bites and stings from corals, jellyfish, poisonous fish and sea snakes.

Pirates and kidnapping increasing risk.

MALARIA – high risk all year in all areas except Futuna Island – multiply resistant falciparum.

Venezuela

YELLOW FEVER – recommended

MALARIA – mostly vivax – all year – some resistant Falciparum reported

Onchoceriasis , Myiasis and Dengue fever

Vietnam

MALARIA – all year risk in all areas except major urban areas and the deltas – multiple resistant falciparum

Japanese encephalitis in Hanoi city and rural areas May to October.

Dengue, filariasis, polio and TB. Note presence of plague.

Virgin Islands (UK)

Virgin Islands (US)

Yemen

MALARIA – mostly Falciparum – all year, but mainly September to February, throughout except for Aiden and airport

TB is endemic

Schistosomiasis and visceral Leishmaniasis

Yugoslavia

Zaire

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – All areas, all year – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

Meningitis if staying with locals, back packing or for longer stays.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa: Major risks in all these countries. Bowel infections and infestations, amoebiasis and Cholera

Polio, meningitis, TB and trachoma

Tetanus is common; Schistosomiasis, rabies and snakebites are all risks.

MALARIA – Zambezi valley, all year, and in other areas below 3500 feet from November to June – mostly falciparum with some resistance.

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